| 《天然》（20260226出版）一周论文导读 |
编译｜冯维维
Nature,出版 26 February 2026,Volume 650 Issue 8103
《天然》 ，2026年2月26日 ，周论第650卷 ，文导8103期
物理学Physics
Squeaking at soft–rigid frictional inte***ces
软-硬摩擦界面的读旧尖叫声
▲ 作者
：Adel Djellouli, Gabriele Albertini, Jackson Wilt, Vincent Tournat, David Weitz, Shmuel Rubinstein & Katia Bertoldi
▲ 链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10132-3
▲ 摘要 ：
尖叫声是认们往常糊口各方面延续存在的伴随气候 ，非论是事科橡胶底鞋在硬木地板上滑动 、粉笔划过黑板 、学网自行车刹车 ，出版仍是周论带着髋关键置换物行走 。
当两个刚体彼此滑动时 ，文导人们普及认为尖叫声源于自激的读旧黏滑振荡，而黏滑振荡则由摩擦系数随滑动速度添加而降低所触发 。事科
可是学网，除夜标准界面的出版滑动大年夜大年夜约触及裂纹或滑移脉冲的撒播 。当软体在硬体上滑动时 ，周论这类分辨尤其较着，文导此时的除夜变形和材料损掉落踪落配会经由过程张揭幕式滑移脉冲招致离开。
以往研究次要集结在慢速滑动 ，此时脉冲撒播迟缓且不产生发火尖叫声。当然软-硬界面的尖叫声被认为与黏滑振荡有关 ，但其机制仍不了然 。
作者经由过程考验考验研究了在能产生发火尖叫声的速度下滑动的软-硬界面。高速成像和声学分化注解 ，张揭幕式脉冲以近似于软材料剪切波速的速度撒播，在不合股估中调剂着部分滑移 。
在平坦样品中，这些脉冲犯警则并产生发火宽频声发射 。引进薄的外不雅脊线能束厄狭隘脉冲撒播 ，使其几回频率齐截 ，与滑动块的第一剪切模态相婚配 ，并在此频率产生发火尖叫声 。
这些创作创造揭穿了一种筹划驱动的机制，该机制能晃荡双材料摩擦中的*** 。若干很多若干束厄狭隘阻拦了竞争模态，将犯警则的二维动力学转化为相干的一维脉冲序列 ，为从工程外不雅到地质断层的摩擦***研究供给了新的不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅不雅定见。
▲ Abstract ：
Squeaking is a constant companion in various aspects of our daily lives, whether we slide rubber-soled shoes across hardwood floors1, scrape chalk on a blackboard, engage the brakes on a bicycle or walk with a hip replacement. When two rigid bodies slide over each other, squeaking is widely understood to result from self-excited stick–slip oscillations, triggered by a decrease in the friction coefficient with increasing slip velocity. However, sliding of extended inte***ces can involve crack or slip-pulse propagation. This distinction is amplified when a soft body slides on a rigid one, in which large deformations and material mismatch can cause detachment by opening slip pulses. Previous studies focused mainly on slow sliding, in which pulses are slow and squeaking is absent. Although squeaking at soft–rigid inte***ces has been linked to stick–slip oscillations, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here we experimentally investigate soft–rigid inte***ces sliding at velocities that produce squeaking. High-speed imaging and acoustic analysis show that opening pulses propagate at approximately the shear wave speed of the soft material, mediating local slip across diverse materials. In flat samples, these pulses are irregular and generate broadband acoustic emissions. Introducing thin su***ce ridges confines pulse propagation, yielding a consistent repetition frequency matching the first shear mode of the sliding block and squeaking at that frequency. These findings show a structure-driven mechanism that stabilizes rupture in bimaterial friction. Geometric confinement suppresses competing modes, transforming irregular two-dimensional dynamics into coherent one-dimensional pulse trains, offering new insights into frictional rupture from engineered su***ces to geological faults.
Sub-second volumetric 3D printing by synthesis of holographic light fields
基于全息光场分化的亚秒级体三维打印
▲ 作者 ：Xukang Wang (王旭康), Yuanzhu Ma (马远瞩), Yihan Niu (牛一涵), Bo Xiong (熊博), Anke Zhang (张安科), Guoxun Zhang (张国勋), Yifan Chen (陈一帆), Wei Wei (魏威), Lu Fang (方璐), Jiamin Wu (吴嘉敏) & Qionghai Dai (戴琼海)
▲ 链接
：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10114-5
▲ 摘要
：
体素化增材建造已成为宏冲动吝啬大年夜大年夜筹划柔性花费的一项前景坦荡宽大年夜大年夜奔放宽除夜广大年夜奔放的技能，在工程 、光子学和生物学等局限具有多样化独霸。可是 ，往后编制在分辨率与体构建速度之间仍面对弃取 ，限制了高分辨率三维筹划的高效 、柔性花费 。
研究者提出一种名为“全息光场数字非相干分化”的编制 。该编制独霸高速改削潜看镜经由过程延续多角度投影来生成高分辨率的三维光分布 ，无需样品改削 。DISH编制经由过程对不合角度的全息图举办迭代优化，在远超物镜景深的1厘米局限内贯穿连接了19微米的打印分辨率 ，并能在仅0.6秒内完成毫米级物体的高分辨率原位三维打印。
研究者独霸多种粘度的丙烯酸酯材料验证了DISH编制的普及兼容性 。将DISH与流体通道相连络 ，他们完成了在低粘度资估中批量花费宏壮多样的三维筹划 ，展示了其在多个局限普及独霸的潜力 。
▲ Abstract：
Volumetric additive manufacturing has emerged as a promising technique for the flexible production of complex structures, with diverse applications in engineering, photonics and biology. However, present methods still face a trade-off between resolution and volumetric build rate, restricting efficient and flexible production of high-resolution 3D structures. Here we propose a method, called digital incoherent synthesis of holographic light fields (DISH), to generate high-resolution 3D light distributions through continuous multi-angle projections with a high-speed rotating periscope without the requirement of sample rotation. The iterative optimization of the holograms for different angles in DISH maintains 19-μm printing resolution across the 1-cm range that is far beyond the depth of field of the objective and enables high-resolution in situ 3D printing of millimetre-scale objects within only 0.6 s. Acrylate materials in a range of viscosities are used to demonstrate the general compatibility of DISH. Integrating DISH with a fluid channel, we achieved mass production of complex and diverse 3D structures within low-viscosity materials, demonstrating its potential for broad applications in diverse fields.
Imaging a terahertz superfluid plasmon in a two-dimensional superconductor
二维超导体中太赫兹超流体等离激元的成像
▲ 作者
：A. von Hoegen, T. Tai, C. J. Allington, M. Yeung, J. Pettine, M. H. Michael, E. Vi?as Bostr?m, X. Cui, K. Torres, A. E. Kossak, B. Lee, G. S. D. Beach, G. D. Gu, A. Rubio, P. Kim & N. Gedik
▲ 链接：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10082-2
▲ 摘要 ：
超导能隙定义了超导体中无耗散输运和集闪气候展示的根天禀量标准。在层状低温铜氧化物超导体中 ，库珀对被限制在弱耦合的二维铜氧面内，在低于能隙的毫电子伏特能量局限内举办的太赫兹光谱研究 ，为体味垂直于超导层的集团超流体照顾供给了次要信息 。
可是 ，在铜氧面内 ，集团超流体照顾默示为能量远超超导能隙的等离激元电荷振荡 ，并被强耗散所点缀 。
研究者报导了少层Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x中低于能隙的二维超流体等离激元的光谱学证据 ，并对其深亚衍射极限的太赫兹电动力学举办了空间分辨成像 。
经由过程将超导体置于自旋电子太赫兹发射器的近场中 ，揭穿了这个稀少的共振——该共振在体材料样品中不存在 ，且仅在超导相中被不美不美不雅察到——并经由过程绘制其若干很多若干各向异性和色散相干断定了其等离激元属性 。
相当次要的是 ，这些测量为邃晓二维空间中与动量和频率相干的超导改削供给了直接视角 。
▲ Abstract ：
The superconducting gap defines the fundamental energy scale for the emergence of dissipationless transport and collective phenomena in a superconductor. In layered high-temperature cuprate superconductors, in which the Cooper pairs are confined to weakly coupled two-dimensional (2D) copper–oxygen (CuO2) planes, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy at subgap millielectronvolt (meV) energies has provided crucial insights into the collective superfluid response perpendicular to the superconducting layers. However, within the CuO2 planes, the collective superfluid response manifests as plasmonic charge oscillations at energies far exceeding the superconducting gap, obscured by strong dissipation. Here we present spectroscopic evidence of a below-gap, 2D superfluid plasmon in few-layer Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x and spatially resolve its deeply subdiffractive THz electrodynamics. By placing the superconductor in the near field of a spintronic THz emitter, we reveal this distinct resonance—absent in bulk samples and observed only in the superconducting phase—and determine its plasmonic nature by mapping the geometric anisotropy and dispersion. Crucially, these measurements offer a direct view of the momentum-dependent and frequency-dependent superconducting transition in two dimensions.
Continuous-wave narrow-linewidth vacuum ultraviolet laser source
延续波窄线宽真空紫外激光源
▲ 作者 ：Qi Xiao, Gleb Penyazkov, Xiangliang Li, Beichen Huang, Wenhao Bu, Juanlang Shi, Haoyu Shi, Tangyin Liao, Gaowei Yan, Haochen Tian, Yixuan Li, Jiatong Li, Bingkun Lu, Li You, Yige Lin, Yuxiang Mo & Shiqian Ding
▲ 链接
：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10107-4
▲ 摘要 ：
位于约148.4纳米处的229Th核同质异能跃迁具有特别很是低的能量 ，为完成相干核操控和核钟供给了稀少机会 。
近期，不凡是将除夜块229Th核素掺进通明晶体和脉冲真空紫外激光器的展开 ，已能对该跃迁举办末尾的激光光谱研究 。可是 ，因为窘蹙高功率、窄线宽的真空紫外激光 ，相干核操控不时未能完成 。
研究者报导了一种经由过程四波混频在镉蒸气中产生发火的 、波长为148.4纳米的延续波激光 。该光源输进功率超出100纳瓦 ，预期线宽远低于100赫兹，并支撑宽局限波长调谐 。
相较此前全数190纳米以下的单频激光 ，其线宽完成了五个数量级的改进 。他们展开了一种空间分辨外差技能 ，对四波混频困惑的相位噪声施加了严格的上限 ，从而验证了完成亚赫兹量级真空紫外激光线宽的可行性 。
这项工作措置了研制229Th核钟的中心挑衅，并创建了一个宽可调谐 、超窄线宽的真空紫外激光平台 ，有看独霸于量子信息科学 、凝集态物理和高分辨真空紫外光谱学等局限 。
▲ Abstract ：
The exceptionally low-energy isomeric transition in 229Th at around 148.4 nm offers a unique opportunity for coherent nuclear control and the realization of a nuclear clock. Recent advances, most notably the incorporation of large ensembles of 229Th nuclei in transparent crystals and the development of pulsed vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) lasers, have enabled initial laser spectroscopy of this transition. However, the lack of an intense, narrow-linewidth VUV laser has precluded coherent nuclear manipulation. Here we introduce and report a continuous-wave (CW) laser at 148.4 nm, generated by means of four-wave mixing (FWM) in cadmium vapour. The source delivers more than 100 nW of power with a projected linewidth well below 100 Hz and supports broad wavelength tunability. This represents a five-orders-of-magnitude improvement in linewidth over all previous single-frequency lasers below 190 nm. We develop a spatially resolved homodyne technique that places a stringent upper bound on FWM-induced phase noise, thereby supporting the feasibility of sub-hertz VUV linewidths. Our work addresses the central challenge towards a 229Th-based nuclear clock and establishes a widely tunable, ultranarrow-linewidth laser platform for potential applications across quantum information science, condensed-matter physics and high-resolution VUV spectroscopy.
生命科学Life Science
Environmentally driven immune imprinting protects against allergy
气候驱动的免疫印记对过敏的呵护感染
▲ 作者：S. Erickson, B. Lauring, J. Cullen & R. Medzhitov
▲ 链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-10001-5
▲ 摘要 ：
过敏性疾病是由针对气候抗原的过分II型免疫回响激起的 。过敏外形的特点是存在过敏原回响性免疫球蛋白E ，它在碰着过敏原时会触发肥除夜细胞脱颗粒 ，默示为瘙痒 、水肿，严重时可招致过敏性休克 。
在畴昔的一个世纪里 ，过敏性疾病的罹病率较着添加 ，这注解气候要素而非遗传要素介导了这类改削 。当然存在良多将气候与过敏联络起来的假说 ，但气候介导的过敏呵护的生物学机制尚不了然。
研究者独霸过敏性疾病小鼠模型证实 ，泄漏于免疫安慰气候会产生发火交错回响性适应性免疫记忆，这类记忆在碰着过敏原时会劝止II型免疫回响 。研究者创作创造 ，交错回响性适应性免疫的介入可以警悟将来的过敏致敏 ，并阻拦已创建的过敏回响 。
在耐受原性气候中的交错回响性也能警悟过敏，即便在蛋白质序列近似性很低的气候下，这类效应也能扩大年夜大年夜大年夜大年夜到抗原宏壮的泄漏气候 。研究下场揭穿了气候与过敏之间的机制性相干，对天然气候中适应性免疫的下场具有普及意义 。
▲ Abstract ：
Allergic diseases are caused by overexuberant type II immune responses mounted against environmental antigens. The allergic state is typified by the presence of allergen-reactive immunoglobulin E (IgE), which triggers mast cell degranulation upon allergen encounter, manifesting in pruritis, oedema and, in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Over the past century, the prevalence of allergic diseases has increased markedly, suggesting that environmental rather than genetic factors are mediating this change. Although many hypotheses connecting environment to allergy exist, the biological mechanisms that underpin environmentally mediated protection from allergy are unknown. Here we show, using a mouse model of allergic disease, that exposure to immunostimulatory environments generated cross-reactive adaptive immune memory, which tracked with obstructed type II immune responses upon allergen exposure. We found that engagement of cross-reactive adaptive immunity protected against future allergic sensitization and suppressed established allergic responses. Cross-reactivity in a tolerogenic context also prevented allergy, with the effect extending across antigenically complex exposures even at low protein sequence similarity. Our findings demonstrate a mechanistic relationship between environment and allergy, with general implications for adaptive immune function in natural settings.
除夜气物理学Atmospheric Physics
Atmospheric H2 variability over the past 1,100 years
畴昔1100年除夜气氢气浓度的改削
▲ 作者 ：John D. Patterson, Murat Aydin, Miranda H. Miranda & Eric S. Saltzman
▲ 链接 ：
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-026-10099-1
▲ 摘要 ：
假定氢气动力技能作为绿色动力转型的一部分被普及采取，估计酬报源的氢气排放量将会上升 。当然除夜气中的氢气本身不具有辐射活性 ，但它经由过程化学效应影响甲烷 、臭氧和水汽 ，从而对地球气候笼统产生发火增温感染 。
料想除夜气对酬报扰动的照顾颇具挑衅性 ，部分启事在于现代仪器记实的时分跨度无穷。
对冰芯中氢气的测量可以担搁不美不美不雅察记实 ，供给关于酬报和天然扰动和生物地球化学过程在长时分标准上对氢气程度独霸的信息 。可是 ，因为氢气在冰中具有高渗入性 ，对冰芯中氢气的测量特别很是艰苦 。
研究者展示了一项从格陵兰岛冰芯中掉落踪掉落踪的 、超出畴昔一千年的汗青除夜气氢气记实 。该记实展示 ，从财富反动前到现代，除夜气氢气浓度上升了70~111%，这与化石燃料熄灭直接排放的添加和除夜气中氢气前体物浓度的降低相反等 。
前财富时代记实还展示，在小冰河期时代 ，氢气程度降低了4~25% ，这注解氢气的生物地球化学轮回大年夜大年夜约对气候笼统改削敏感 。研究注解 ，在评价酬报氢气排放添加带来的辐射影响时 ，应思虑氢气源汇对气候笼统变热的敏感性 。
▲ Abstract：
Anthropogenic emissions of hydrogen (H2) are expected to rise if H2 energy technology is widely implemented as part of the green energy transition. Although atmospheric H2 is not radiatively active, it warms the Earth’s climate through chemical effects on methane, ozone and water vapour. Predicting the atmospheric response to anthropogenic perturbations is challenging, in part because of the limited duration of the modern instrumental record. Ice core measurements of H2 can extend the observational record, providing information about anthropogenic and natural perturbations and the biogeochemical controls on H2 levels over long timescales. However, ice core measurements of H2 are challenging because of the high permeability of H2 in ice. Here we present an ice core record of atmospheric H2 recovered from a Greenland ice core, spanning the past millennium. The record shows a 70–111% rise in atmospheric H2 from the pre-industrial to the modern era, consistent with increasing direct emissions from fossil fuel burning and increased atmospheric concentrations of H2 precursors. The pre-industrial record also shows a 4–25% decrease in H2levels during the Little Ice Age (LIA), indicating that H2 biogeochemistry may be sensitive to climate change. The findings suggest that the sensitivity of H2 sources and sinks to climate warming should be considered in estimates of the radiative consequences of rising anthropogenic H2 emissions.
